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In 1841, the Scottish journalist Charles Mackay published Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds — a catalogue of speculative manias, panics, and collective irrationality stretching back centuries. Tulip bulbs. The South Sea Company. The Mississippi Scheme. The details change. The pattern does not.

Markets move in cycles of greed and fear, and the same cognitive errors repeat across every generation of investors. We buy after prices have already risen — because rising prices feel like evidence of wisdom. We sell after prices have already fallen — because falling prices feel like evidence of danger. We do exactly the wrong thing, at exactly the wrong time, for entirely understandable psychological reasons.

Daniel Kahneman's research established that the pain of a financial loss is roughly twice as powerful as the pleasure of an equivalent gain. This asymmetry is not a character flaw — it is wiring. But in a portfolio context, it is lethal. It produces a pattern decades of fund-flow data has documented: the average equity investor consistently earns significantly less than the funds they invest in, because they move money in and out at the worst possible moments.

A rules-based system does not make you a better analyst. It does something more valuable: it removes you from the decision at the exact moments when being human is most dangerous. The rule has no fear. It does not watch the news. It does not remember last week's loss. It checks one number against another and reports what it finds.

Charles Mackay · 1841
"Men, it has been well said, think in herds. It will be seen that they go mad in herds, while they only recover their senses slowly, and one by one."
Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds
Loss Aversion · Kahneman & Tversky
The psychological pain of a financial loss is approximately twice as powerful as the pleasure of an equivalent gain — causing investors to make asymmetrically poor decisions under pressure.
The Cost of Bad Timing
~3–4%
Across decades of industry fund-flow data, the average equity fund investor earns 3–4% less per year than the funds they're invested in — not from bad funds, but from bad timing.
Mechanical, Not Psychological
Some of the selling isn't even a choice. When prices fall far enough, leveraged investors face margin calls — their broker forces a sale to cover the loan, regardless of what the investor believes about where the market is headed. That forced selling pushes prices lower still, which can trigger the next round of margin calls further down. It's a mechanical amplifier layered on top of the psychological one — a reason downtrends can accelerate even among investors who aren't panicking at all.

The 200-day rule is not sophisticated. That is the point. Simple rules, applied without exception, have a long history of outperforming the judgment of intelligent people operating under uncertainty and emotion.

Let the rule do the hard part.

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